Helping identify and care for infants and their parents, caregivers, and families

We provide training and technical assistance to Tribes, states, counties, and community agencies that improve outcomes for pregnant and postpartum women, as well as their infants and family members affected by prenatal substance exposure. 

Resources focus on health, well-being, and the implementation of Plans of Safe Care. Training and technical assistance may include:  

  • Education on best practices related to the treatment and care of infants, parents, and families affected by substance use 
  • Development of tools for collaboration and integrated case planning across the service continuum including  the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) Plans of Safe Care  
  • A review of existing tools, practice guidelines and policy related to infants with prenatal substance exposure, their parents, and family members 
  • Connections to national experts and persons with lived experience to share what’s working in their jurisdictions 

Prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs may cause a spectrum of physical and developmental challenges related to growth, behavior, cognition, executive functioning, language, and achievement.  

Prenatal exposure, along with other safety and risk factors, can have implications for child welfare services involvement. A range of prevention, early intervention, and treatment efforts can reduce negative outcomes for these infants, parents, and families. Examples of these strategies include early identification, comprehensive assessment, and engagement of pregnant women with a substance use disorder in treatment and services, collaborative development and implementation of a Plan of Safe Care, and early engagement into developmental services for identified infants and children.  

The intersection of pregnancy and substance use creates a need for a collaborative approach that brings health, substance use treatment, child welfare, and early childhood providers together to identify and provide intervention for the multifaceted needs of infants, parents, caregivers, and family members. 

CFF ACTIVITIES

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CFF has disseminated over 41,000 materials related to infants with prenatal substance exposure since 2016
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CFF has responded to over 5,400 technical assistance requests on infants with prenatal substance exposure since 2016

SOME DATA POINTS

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44,453 infants in 49 states were referred to child welfare services as infants with prenatal substance exposure in FFY 20231
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In FFY 2023, 43 states reported the majority (32,230 or 72.5%) of infants with prenatal substance exposure are screened-in to child welfare services to receive either an investigation or alternative response2
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In FFY 2023, 35 states report 22,319 screened-in infants with prenatal substance exposure (72.1%) have a plan of safe care3
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52% of children under age 1 who entered out-of-home care in FFY 2023 had caretaker alcohol or drug use as a condition associated with removal4

FEATURED PUBLICATIONS AND RESOURCES 

Through federally- and foundation-funded projects, Children and Family Futures and its small business subsidiary, Center for Children and Family Futures, produces publications, reports, Technical Assistance tools and web-based learning for the field. The following are featured resources from our work. For more resources or information related to a specific topic, please visit our resources page or click the “Request Assistance” button below or at the top of the page.

  1. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2025). Child Maltreatment 2023. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/data-research/child-maltreatment
  2. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2025). Child Maltreatment 2023. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/data-research/child-maltreatment
  3. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2025). Child Maltreatment 2023. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/data-research/child-maltreatment
  4. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2025). Child Maltreatment 2023. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/data-research/child-maltreatment